Agronomy Degree Practice Exam

Who is recognized as the "father" of the nitrogen fertilizer industry?

1. John Laws

2. Fritz Haber

3. Justus von Liebig

4. Jethro Tull

The correct answer is: Fritz Haber

Fritz Haber is recognized as the "father" of the nitrogen fertilizer industry primarily due to his pioneering work on synthesizing ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen, which formed the basis for modern nitrogen fertilizers. This process, known as the Haber-Bosch process, was developed in the early 20th century and revolutionized agricultural production by providing an efficient way to produce fertilizers at scale. The availability of nitrogen fertilizers significantly boosted crop yields and food production globally, making it a critical component in addressing food security in the 20th century and beyond. In contrast, while Justus von Liebig made significant contributions to agricultural chemistry, particularly about nutrient requirements, and is often considered the founder of the science of organic chemistry in agricultural contexts, his work did not specifically revolve around the synthesis of nitrogen fertilizers. Similarly, John Laws and Jethro Tull contributed to agricultural practices and innovations, but their contributions are not directly associated with the nitrogen fertilizer industry as is the case with Haber.