Agronomy Degree Practice Exam

Which beneficial practice helps improve soil structure and fertility?

1. Crop rotation

2. Monoculture

3. Frequent tillage

4. Over-planting

The correct answer is: Crop rotation

Crop rotation is an effective agricultural practice that significantly enhances soil structure and fertility. By alternating different crops in a specific sequence, this practice disrupts pest and disease cycles, improves nutrient cycling, and promotes a more diverse soil ecosystem. When different types of crops are planted, especially legumes, they can fix nitrogen in the soil, adding essential nutrients that benefit subsequent crops. This process helps maintain and even improve soil fertility over time. Additionally, the root systems of different crops vary in depth and structure, which can lead to improved soil structure by creating channels that enhance water infiltration and aeration. In contrast, practices like monoculture can lead to nutrient depletion and increased susceptibility to pests, while frequent tillage may disrupt soil structure, promoting erosion and loss of organic matter. Over-planting can result in competition for resources among plants, ultimately leading to weaker crops. Therefore, crop rotation stands out as a beneficial practice that fosters healthy and fertile soils.